Portugal
The Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, in its title of fundamental rights and duties, article 15, states that "Foreigners and stateless persons who are in Portugal or who reside in Portugal shall enjoy the rights and be subject to the duties of Portuguese citizens". Equality and non-discrimination are further reinforced in Article 13(2), which states that "No one shall be privileged, favoured, prejudiced, deprived of any right or exempted from any duty on the basis of ancestry, sex, race, language, territory of origin, religion, political or ideological beliefs, education, economic situation, social condition or sexual orientation". This same precept is also provided for in Law No. 93/2017, of 23 August, which establishes the legal regime for preventing, prohibiting and combating discrimination on the grounds of racial and ethnic origin, colour, nationality, descent and territory of origin.
But, despite the formal guarantee of non-discrimination, it is possible to observe through some success stories collected in Portugal, problems regarding equal treatment. The awareness that there is still a way to go in the fight against racism and xenophobia is expressed in the Resolution of the Council of Ministers no. 101/2021, which approves the National Plan to Combat Racism and Discrimination 2021-2025 - Portugal Against Racism (PNCRD). According to the referred document, the PNCRD is structured on the following four principles: a) Deconstruction of stereotypes; b) Coordination, integrated governance and territorialisation; c) Integrated intervention in the fight against inequalities; d) Intersectionality, and foresees actions in 10 areas of intervention: (a) Governance, information and knowledge for a non-discriminatory society; (b) Education and culture; (c) Higher education; (d) Work and employment; (e) Housing; (f) Health and social action; (g) Justice, security and rights; (h) Participation and representation; (i) Sport; (j) Media and the digital.
It is also worth highlighting law 39/2009, of 30 July that regulates security and the fight against racism, xenophobia and intolerance in sporting events. Portuguese legislation punishes conducts based on racism and incitement to hatred. In the criminal code, article 132, no. 2, paragraph f) foresees the homicide perpetrated for reasons of "racial, religious, political hatred or hatred generated by the victim\'s colour, ethnic or national origin, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity. Article 240 typifies as a crime the conduct of discrimination and incitement to hatred because of race, colour, ethnic or national origin, ancestry, religion, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity.
The work of various associations that aim to combat racism and other forms of discrimination (e.g. SOS Racismo) should also be highlighted for their contribution to raising public awareness of these issues, to making situations of discrimination visible and giving a voice to people who have been discriminated against. On these issues, the work of different immigrants\' associations in Portugal is also relevant.
To illustrate the problematisation of racism and xenophobia issues we recommend the analysis of the success story "The country where I put down my roots", available at: https://viw.pixel-online.org/case_view.php?id=NDA=.
References
Relatório Anual sobre a situação da Igualdade e Não Discriminação Racial e Étnica- 2020
https://www.cicdr.pt/documents/57891/0/Relat%C3%B3rio+Anual+2020+-+CICDR.pdf/522f2ed5-9ca6-468e-b05d-f71e8711eb12
This report presents statistical and administrative data collected by the CICDR (Commission for Equality and Against Racial Discrimination) and by the entities that, in Portugal, act on the issue of ethnic-racial discrimination.
Mostra Internacional de Cinema Anti-Racista
https://micar.sosracismo.pt/
On the SOS Racismo Association page, trailers of Films from the International Anti-Racist Film Festival are available, which illustrate experiences marked by racism and other intersectional discrimination, as well as various forms of anti-racist struggle and resistance. Regarding the situation in Portugal, we disregard the trailers of the documentaries: “Olhares sobre o racism” by Bruno Moraes Cabral, Eddie Pipocas and Dércio Tomás Ferreira, and “CHELAS NHA KAU”, a documentary made in a multimedia studio of the project “Dá-te ao Condado E6G ”, promoted by Associação Aguinenso and financed by Programa Escolhas.